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  1. Realtime backlog metrics now available for Queues

    Queues

    Queues, Cloudflare's managed message queue, now exposes realtime backlog metrics via the dashboard, REST API, and JavaScript API. Three new fields are available:

    • backlog_count — the number of unacknowledged messages in the queue
    • backlog_bytes — the total size of those messages in bytes
    • oldest_message_timestamp_ms — the timestamp of the oldest unacknowledged message

    The following endpoints also now include a metadata.metrics object on the result field after successful message consumption:

    • /accounts/{account_id}/queues/{queue_id}/messages/pull
    • /accounts/{account_id}/queues/{queue_id}/messages
    • /accounts/{account_id}/queues/{queue_id}/messages/batch

    Javascript APIs

    Call env.QUEUE.metrics() to get realtime backlog metrics:

    TypeScript
    const {
      backlogCount, // number
      backlogBytes, // number
      oldestMessageTimestamp, // Date | undefined
    } = await env.QUEUE.metrics();

    env.QUEUE.send() and env.QUEUE.sendBatch() also now return a metrics object on the response.

    You can also query these fields via the GraphQL Analytics API or view realtime backlog on the dashboard ↗.

    Queues realtime backlog

    For more information, refer to Queues metrics.

  1. Automate migration from Cloudflare's Terraform v4 to v5 provider

    Terraform

    We're excited to announce tf-migrate, a purpose-built CLI tool that simplifies migrating from Cloudflare Terraform Provider v4 to v5.

    v5 is stable and ready for production

    Terraform Provider v5 is stable and actively receiving updates. We encourage all users to migrate to v5 to take advantage of ongoing enhancements and new capabilities.

    Cloudflare uses tf-migrate to migrate our own infrastructure — the same tool we're providing to the community — ensuring the best possible migration experience.

    What tf-migrate does

    tf-migrate automates the tedious and error-prone parts of the v4 to v5 migration process:

    • Resource type renames – Automatically updates cloudflare_record → cloudflare_dns_record, cloudflare_access_application → cloudflare_zero_trust_access_application, and 40+ other renamed resources
    • Attribute transformations – Updates field names (e.g., value → content for DNS records) and restructures nested blocks
    • Moved block generation – Creates Terraform 1.8+ moved blocks to prevent resource replacements and ensure zero-downtime migrations
    • Cross-file reference updates – Automatically finds and updates all references to renamed resources across your entire configuration
    • Dry-run mode – Preview all changes before applying them to ensure safety

    Combined with the automatic state upgraders introduced in v5.19+, tf-migrate eliminates the manual work and risk that previously made v5 migrations challenging. Tf-migrate operates directly on the config, and the built-in state upgraders handle the rest.

    Supported resources

    Tf-migrate currently supports the most common Terraform resources our customers use. We are actively working to expand coverage, with the most commonly used resources prioritized first.

    For the complete list of supported resources and their migration status, refer to the v5 Stabilization Tracker ↗. This list is updated regularly as additional resources are stabilized and migration support is added.

    Resources not yet supported by tf-migrate will need to be migrated manually using the version 5 upgrade guide ↗. The upgrade guide provides step-by-step instructions for handling resource renames, attribute changes, and state migrations.

    Get started

    We have been releasing Betas over the past month and a half while testing this tool. See the full changelog of those Betas here: tf-migrate releases ↗.

  1. Go SDK v6.10.0 Released

    SDK Go SDK

    v6.10.0

    In this release, you'll see a number of breaking changes. This is primarily due to changes in OpenAPI definitions, which our libraries are based off of, and codegen updates that we rely on to read those OpenAPI definitions and produce our SDK libraries.

    Please ensure you read through the list of changes below before moving to this version - this will help you understand any down or upstream issues it may cause to your environments.

    Breaking Changes

    See the v6.10.0 Migration Guide ↗ for before/after code examples and actions needed for each change.

    Abuse Reports - Registrar WHOIS Report Field Removals

    Several fields have been removed from AbuseReportNewParamsBodyAbuseReportsRegistrarWhoisReportRegWhoRequest:

    • RegWhoGoodFaithAffirmation
    • RegWhoLawfulProcessingAgreement
    • RegWhoLegalBasis
    • RegWhoRequestType
    • RegWhoRequestedDataElements

    AI Search - Instance Params Restructured

    The InstanceNewParams and InstanceUpdateParams types have been significantly restructured. Many fields have been moved or removed:

    • InstanceNewParams.TokenID, Type, CreatedFromAISearchWizard, WorkerDomain removed
    • InstanceUpdateParams — most configuration fields removed (including IndexMethod, IndexingOptions, MaxNumResults, Metadata, Paused, PublicEndpointParams, Reranking, RerankingModel, RetrievalOptions, RewriteModel, RewriteQuery, ScoreThreshold, SourceParams, Summarization, SummarizationModel, SystemPromptAISearch, SystemPromptIndexSummarization, SystemPromptRewriteQuery, TokenID, CreatedFromAISearchWizard, WorkerDomain)
    • InstanceSearchParams.Messages field removed along with InstanceSearchParamsMessage and InstanceSearchParamsMessagesRole types

    AI Search - InstanceItem Service Removed

    The InstanceItemService type has been removed. The items sub-resource at client.AISearch.Instances.Items no longer exists in the non-namespace path. Use client.AISearch.Namespaces.Instances.Items instead.

    AI Search - Token Types Removed

    The following types have been removed from the ai_search package:

    • TokenDeleteResponse
    • TokenListParams (and associated TokenListParamsOrderBy, TokenListParamsOrderByDirection)

    Email Security - Investigate Move Return Type Change

    The Investigate.Move.New() method now returns a raw slice instead of a paginated wrapper:

    • New() returns *[]InvestigateMoveNewResponse instead of *pagination.SinglePage[InvestigateMoveNewResponse]
    • NewAutoPaging() method removed

    Hyperdrive - Config Params Restructured

    The ConfigEditParams type lost its MTLS and Name fields. The HyperdriveMTLSParam type lost MTLS and Host fields. The Host field on origin config changed from param.Field[string] to a plain string.

    IAM - UserGroupMember Params and Return Types Changed

    The UserGroupMemberNewParams struct has been restructured and the New() method now returns a paginated response:

    • UserGroupMemberNewParams.Body renamed to UserGroupMemberNewParams.Members
    • UserGroupMemberNewParamsBody renamed to UserGroupMemberNewParamsMember
    • UserGroupMemberUpdateParams.Body renamed to UserGroupMemberUpdateParams.Members
    • UserGroupMemberUpdateParamsBody renamed to UserGroupMemberUpdateParamsMember
    • UserGroups.Members.New() returns *pagination.SinglePage[UserGroupMemberNewResponse] instead of *UserGroupMemberNewResponse

    IAM - UserGroup List Direction Type Changed

    The UserGroupListParams.Direction field changed from param.Field[string] to param.Field[UserGroupListParamsDirection] (typed enum with asc/desc values).

    Pipelines - Delete Methods Now Return Typed Responses

    Several delete methods across Pipelines now return typed responses instead of bare error:

    • Pipelines.DeleteV1() returns (*PipelineDeleteV1Response, error) instead of error
    • Pipelines.Sinks.Delete() returns (*SinkDeleteResponse, error) instead of error
    • Pipelines.Streams.Delete() returns (*StreamDeleteResponse, error) instead of error

    Queues - Message Response Types Removed

    The following response envelope types have been removed:

    • MessageBulkPushResponseSuccess
    • MessagePushResponseSuccess
    • MessageAckResponse fields RetryCount and Warnings removed

    Secrets Store - Pagination Wrapper Removal and Type Changes

    Methods now return direct types instead of SinglePage wrappers, and several internal types have been removed. Associated AutoPaging methods have also been removed:

    • Stores.New() returns *StoreNewResponse instead of *pagination.SinglePage[StoreNewResponse]
    • Stores.NewAutoPaging() method removed
    • Stores.Secrets.BulkDelete() returns *StoreSecretBulkDeleteResponse instead of *pagination.SinglePage[StoreSecretBulkDeleteResponse]
    • Stores.Secrets.BulkDeleteAutoPaging() method removed
    • Removed types: StoreDeleteResponse, StoreDeleteResponseEnvelopeResultInfo, StoreSecretDeleteResponse, StoreSecretDeleteResponseStatus, StoreSecretBulkDeleteResponse (old shape), StoreSecretBulkDeleteResponseStatus, StoreSecretDeleteResponseEnvelopeResultInfo
    • StoreNewParams restructured (old StoreNewParamsBody removed)
    • StoreSecretBulkDeleteParams restructured

    Stream - AudioTracks Return Type Change

    The AudioTracks.Get() method now returns a dedicated response type instead of a paginated list. The GetAutoPaging() method has been removed:

    • Get() returns *AudioTrackGetResponse instead of *pagination.SinglePage[Audio]
    • GetAutoPaging() method removed

    Stream - Clip Type Removal and Return Type Change

    The Clip.New() method now returns the shared Video type. The following types have been entirely removed:

    • Clip, ClipPlayback, ClipStatus, ClipWatermark

    Stream - Copy and Clip Params Field Removals

    • ClipNewParams.MaxDurationSeconds, ThumbnailTimestampPct, Watermark removed
    • CopyNewParams.ThumbnailTimestampPct, Watermark removed

    Stream - Download and Webhook Changes

    • DownloadNewResponseStatus type removed
    • WebhookUpdateResponse and WebhookGetResponse changed from interface{} type aliases to full struct types

    Zero Trust - Access AI Control MCP Portal Union Types Removed

    The following union interface types have been removed:

    • AccessAIControlMcpPortalListResponseServersUpdatedPromptsUnion
    • AccessAIControlMcpPortalListResponseServersUpdatedToolsUnion
    • AccessAIControlMcpPortalReadResponseServersUpdatedPromptsUnion
    • AccessAIControlMcpPortalReadResponseServersUpdatedToolsUnion

    Features

    Vulnerability Scanner (client.VulnerabilityScanner)

    NEW SERVICE: Full vulnerability scanning management

    • CredentialSets - CRUD for credential sets (New, Update, List, Delete, Edit, Get)
    • Credentials - Manage credentials within sets (New, Update, List, Delete, Edit, Get)
    • Scans - Create and manage vulnerability scans (New, List, Get)
    • TargetEnvironments - Manage scan target environments (New, Update, List, Delete, Edit, Get)

    AI Search - Namespaces (client.AISearch.Namespaces)

    NEW SERVICE: Namespace-scoped AI Search management

    • New(), Update(), List(), Delete(), ChatCompletions(), Read(), Search()
    • Instances - Namespace-scoped instances (New, Update, List, Delete, ChatCompletions, Read, Search, Stats)
    • Jobs - Instance job management (New, Update, List, Get, Logs)
    • Items - Instance item management (List, Delete, Chunks, NewOrUpdate, Download, Get, Logs, Sync, Upload)

    Browser Rendering - Devtools (client.BrowserRendering.Devtools)

    NEW SERVICE: DevTools protocol browser control

    • Session - List and get devtools sessions
    • Browser - Browser lifecycle management (New, Delete, Connect, Launch, Protocol, Version)
    • Page - Get page by target ID
    • Targets - Manage browser targets (New, List, Activate, Get)

    Registrar (client.Registrar)

    NEW: Domain check and search endpoints

    • Check() - POST /accounts/{account_id}/registrar/domain-check
    • Search() - GET /accounts/{account_id}/registrar/domain-search

    NEW: Registration management (client.Registrar.Registrations)

    • New(), List(), Edit(), Get()
    • RegistrationStatus.Get() - Get registration workflow status
    • UpdateStatus.Get() - Get update workflow status

    Cache - Origin Cloud Regions (client.Cache.OriginCloudRegions)

    NEW SERVICE: Manage origin cloud region configurations

    • New(), List(), Delete(), BulkDelete(), BulkEdit(), Edit(), Get(), SupportedRegions()

    Zero Trust - DLP Settings (client.ZeroTrust.DLP.Settings)

    NEW SERVICE: DLP settings management

    • Update(), Delete(), Edit(), Get()

    Radar

    • AgentReadiness.Summary() - Agent readiness summary by dimension
    • AI.MarkdownForAgents.Summary() - Markdown-for-agents summary
    • AI.MarkdownForAgents.Timeseries() - Markdown-for-agents timeseries

    IAM (client.IAM)

    • UserGroups.Members.Get() - Get details of a specific member in a user group
    • UserGroups.Members.NewAutoPaging() - Auto-paging variant for adding members
    • UserGroups.NewParams.Policies changed from required to optional

    Bot Management

    • ContentBotsProtection field added to BotFightModeConfiguration and SubscriptionConfiguration (block/disabled)

    Deprecations

    None in this release.

    Get started

  1. R2 Data Catalog snapshot expiration now removes unreferenced data files

    R2

    R2 Data Catalog, a managed Apache Iceberg ↗ catalog built into R2, now removes unreferenced data files during automatic snapshot expiration. This improvement reduces storage costs and eliminates the need to run manual maintenance jobs to reclaim space from deleted data.

    Previously, snapshot expiration only cleaned up Iceberg metadata files such as manifests and manifest lists. Data files that were no longer referenced by active snapshots remained in R2 storage until you manually ran remove_orphan_files or expire_snapshots through an engine like Spark. This required extra operational overhead and left stale data files consuming storage.

    Snapshot expiration now handles both metadata and data file cleanup automatically. When a snapshot is expired, any data files that are no longer referenced by retained snapshots are removed from R2 storage.

    Terminal window
    # Enable catalog-level snapshot expiration
    npx wrangler r2 bucket catalog snapshot-expiration enable my-bucket \
      --older-than-days 7 \
      --retain-last 10

    To learn more about snapshot expiration and other automatic maintenance operations, refer to the table maintenance documentation.

  1. Additional step context and ReadableStream support now available in Workflows step.do()

    Workflows

    Workflows now provides additional context inside step.do() callbacks and supports returning ReadableStream to handle larger step outputs.

    Step context properties

    The step.do() callback receives a context object with new properties alongside attempt:

    • step.name — The name passed to step.do()
    • step.count — How many times a step with that name has been invoked in this instance (1-indexed)
      • Useful when running the same step in a loop.
    • config — The resolved step configuration, including timeout and retries with defaults applied
    TypeScript
    type ResolvedStepConfig = {
      retries: {
        limit: number;
        delay: WorkflowDelayDuration | number;
        backoff?: "constant" | "linear" | "exponential";
      };
      timeout: WorkflowTimeoutDuration | number;
    };
    

    type WorkflowStepContext = {
      step: {
        name: string;
        count: number;
      };
      attempt: number;
      config: ResolvedStepConfig;
    };

    ReadableStream support in step.do()

    Steps can now return a ReadableStream directly. Although non-stream step outputs are limited to 1 MiB, streamed outputs support much larger payloads.

    TypeScript
    const largePayload = await step.do("fetch-large-file", async () => {
      const object = await env.MY_BUCKET.get("large-file.bin");
      return object.body;
    });

    Note that streamed outputs are still considered part of the Workflow instance storage limit.

  1. Container logs page now includes relevant Worker and Durable Object logs

    Containers

    The Container logs page now displays related Worker and Durable Object logs alongside container logs. This co-locates all relevant log events for a container application in one place, making it easier to trace requests and debug issues.

    Container logs page showing Worker and Durable Object logs alongside container logs

    You can filter to a single source when you need to isolate Container, Worker, or Durable Object output.

    For information on configuring container logging, refer to How do Container logs work?.

  1. Introducing Billable Usage dashboard and Budget alerts

    Cloudflare Fundamentals Workers

    Pay-as-you-go customers can now monitor usage-based costs and configure spend alerts through two new features: the Billable Usage dashboard and Budget alerts.

    Billable Usage dashboard

    The Billable Usage dashboard provides daily visibility into usage-based costs across your Cloudflare account. The data comes from the same system that generates your monthly invoice, so the figures match your bill.

    The dashboard displays:

    • A bar chart showing daily usage charges for your billing period
    • A sortable table breaking down usage by product, including total usage, billable usage, and cumulative costs
    • Ability to view previous billing periods

    Usage data aligns to your billing cycle, not the calendar month. The total usage cost shown at the end of a completed billing period matches the usage overage charges on your corresponding invoice.

    To access the dashboard, go to Manage Account > Billing > Billable Usage.

    Screenshot of the Billable Usage dashboard in the Cloudflare dashboard

    Budget alerts

    Budget alerts allow you to set dollar-based thresholds for your account-level usage spend. You receive an email notification when your projected monthly spend reaches your configured threshold, giving you proactive visibility into your bill before month-end.

    To configure a budget alert:

    1. Go to Manage Account > Billing > Billable Usage.
    2. Select Set Budget Alert.
    3. Enter a budget threshold amount greater than $0.
    4. Select Create.

    Alternatively, configure alerts via Notifications > Add > Budget Alert.

    Create Budget Alert modal in the Cloudflare dashboard

    You can create multiple budget alerts at different dollar amounts. The notifications system automatically deduplicates alerts if multiple thresholds trigger at the same time. Budget alerts are calculated daily based on your usage trends and fire once per billing cycle when your projected spend first crosses your threshold.

    Both features are available to Pay-as-you-go accounts with usage-based products (Workers, R2, Images, etc.). Enterprise contract accounts are not supported.

    For more information, refer to the Usage based billing documentation.

  1. WebSocket binary messages now delivered as Blob by default

    Workers

    Binary frames received on a WebSocket are now delivered to the message event as Blob ↗ objects by default. This matches the WebSocket specification ↗ and standard browser behavior. Previously, binary frames were always delivered as ArrayBuffer ↗. The binaryType property on WebSocket controls the delivery type on a per-WebSocket basis.

    This change has been active for Workers with compatibility dates on or after 2026-03-17, via the websocket_standard_binary_type compatibility flag. We should have documented this change when it shipped but didn't. We're sorry for the trouble that caused. If your Worker handles binary WebSocket messages and assumes event.data is an ArrayBuffer, the frames will arrive as Blob instead, and a naive instanceof ArrayBuffer check will silently drop every frame.

    To opt back into ArrayBuffer delivery, assign binaryType before calling accept(). This works regardless of the compatibility flag:

    JavaScript
    const resp = await fetch("https://example.com", {
      headers: { Upgrade: "websocket" },
    });
    const ws = resp.webSocket;
    

    // Opt back into ArrayBuffer delivery for this WebSocket.
    ws.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
    ws.accept();
    

    ws.addEventListener("message", (event) => {
      if (typeof event.data === "string") {
        // Text frame.
      } else {
        // event.data is an ArrayBuffer because we set binaryType above.
      }
    });

    If you are not ready to migrate and want to keep ArrayBuffer as the default for all WebSockets in your Worker, add the no_websocket_standard_binary_type flag to your Wrangler configuration file.

    This change has no effect on the Durable Object hibernatable WebSocket webSocketMessage handler, which continues to receive binary data as ArrayBuffer.

    For more information, refer to WebSockets binary messages.

  1. Cloudflare Pipelines as a Logpush destination

    Logs Pipelines

    Logpush has traditionally been great at delivering Cloudflare logs to a variety of destinations in JSON format. While JSON is flexible and easily readable, it can be inefficient to store and query at scale.

    With this release, you can now send your logs directly to Pipelines to ingest, transform, and store your logs in R2 as Parquet files or Apache Iceberg tables managed by R2 Data Catalog. This makes the data footprint more compact and more efficient at querying your logs instantly with R2 SQL or any other query engine that supports Apache Iceberg or Parquet.

    Transform logs before storage

    Pipelines SQL runs on each log record in-flight, so you can reshape your data before it is written. For example, you can drop noisy fields, redact sensitive values, or derive new columns:

    INSERT INTO http_logs_sink
    SELECT
      ClientIP,
      EdgeResponseStatus,
      to_timestamp_micros(EdgeStartTimestamp) AS event_time,
      upper(ClientRequestMethod) AS method,
      sha256(ClientIP) AS hashed_ip
    FROM http_logs_stream
    WHERE EdgeResponseStatus >= 400;

    Pipelines SQL supports string functions, regex, hashing, JSON extraction, timestamp conversion, conditional expressions, and more. For the full list, refer to the Pipelines SQL reference.

    Get started

    To configure Pipelines as a Logpush destination, refer to Enable Cloudflare Pipelines.

  1. R2 SQL adds JSON functions, EXPLAIN FORMAT JSON, and unpartitioned table support

    R2 SQL

    R2 SQL is Cloudflare's serverless, distributed, analytics query engine for querying Apache Iceberg ↗ tables stored in R2 Data Catalog.

    R2 SQL now supports functions for querying JSON data stored in Apache Iceberg tables, an easier way to parse query plans with EXPLAIN FORMAT JSON, and querying tables without partition keys stored in R2 Data Catalog.

    JSON functions extract and manipulate JSON values directly in SQL without client-side processing:

    SELECT
      json_get_str(doc, 'name') AS name,
      json_get_int(doc, 'user', 'profile', 'level') AS level,
      json_get_bool(doc, 'active') AS is_active
    FROM my_namespace.sales_data
    WHERE json_contains(doc, 'email')

    For a full list of available functions, refer to JSON functions.

    EXPLAIN FORMAT JSON returns query execution plans as structured JSON for programmatic analysis and observability integrations:

    Terminal window
    npx wrangler r2 sql query "${WAREHOUSE}" "EXPLAIN FORMAT JSON SELECT * FROM logpush.requests LIMIT 10;"
    

    ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
    │ plan                                 │
    ├──────────────────────────────────────┤
    │ {                                    │
    │   "name": "CoalescePartitionsExec",  │
    │   "output_partitions": 1,            │
    │   "rows": 10,                        │
    │   "size_approx": "310B",             │
    │   "children": [                      │
    │     {                                │
    │       "name": "DataSourceExec",      │
    │       "output_partitions": 4,        │
    │       "rows": 28951,                 │
    │       "size_approx": "900.0KB",      │
    │       "table": "logpush.requests",   │
    │       "files": 7,                    │
    │       "bytes": 900019,               │
    │       "projection": [                │
    │         "__ingest_ts",               │
    │         "CPUTimeMs",                 │
    │         "DispatchNamespace",         │
    │         "Entrypoint",                │
    │         "Event",                     │
    │         "EventTimestampMs",          │
    │         "EventType",                 │
    │         "Exceptions",                │
    │         "Logs",                      │
    │         "Outcome",                   │
    │         "ScriptName",                │
    │         "ScriptTags",                │
    │         "ScriptVersion",             │
    │         "WallTimeMs"                 │
    │       ],                             │
    │       "limit": 10                    │
    │     }                                │
    │   ]                                  │
    │ }                                    │
    └──────────────────────────────────────┘

    For more details, refer to EXPLAIN.

    Unpartitioned Iceberg tables can now be queried directly, which is useful for smaller datasets or data without natural time dimensions. For tables with more than 1000 files, partitioning is still recommended for better performance.

    Refer to Limitations and best practices for the latest guidance on using R2 SQL.

  1. Moonshot AI Kimi K2.6 now available on Workers AI

    Workers AI

    @cf/moonshotai/kimi-k2.6 is now available on Workers AI, in partnership with Moonshot AI for Day 0 support. Kimi K2.6 is a native multimodal agentic model from Moonshot AI that advances practical capabilities in long-horizon coding, coding-driven design, proactive autonomous execution, and swarm-based task orchestration.

    Built on a Mixture-of-Experts architecture with 1T total parameters and 32B active per token, Kimi K2.6 delivers frontier-scale intelligence with efficient inference. It scores competitively against GPT-5.4 and Claude Opus 4.6 on agentic and coding benchmarks, including BrowseComp (83.2), SWE-Bench Verified (80.2), and Terminal-Bench 2.0 (66.7).

    Key capabilities

    • 262.1k token context window for retaining full conversation history, tool definitions, and codebases across long-running agent sessions
    • Long-horizon coding with significant improvements on complex, end-to-end coding tasks across languages including Rust, Go, and Python
    • Coding-driven design that transforms simple prompts and visual inputs into production-ready interfaces and full-stack workflows
    • Agent swarm orchestration scaling horizontally to 300 sub-agents executing 4,000 coordinated steps for complex autonomous tasks
    • Vision inputs for processing images alongside text
    • Thinking mode with configurable reasoning depth
    • Multi-turn tool calling for building agents that invoke tools across multiple conversation turns

    Differences from Kimi K2.5

    If you are migrating from Kimi K2.5, note the following API changes:

    • K2.6 uses chat_template_kwargs.thinking to control reasoning, replacing chat_template_kwargs.enable_thinking
    • K2.6 returns reasoning content in the reasoning field, replacing reasoning_content

    Get started

    Use Kimi K2.6 through the Workers AI binding (env.AI.run()), the REST API at /ai/run, or the OpenAI-compatible endpoint at /v1/chat/completions. You can also use AI Gateway with any of these endpoints.

    For more information, refer to the Kimi K2.6 model page and pricing.

  1. AI Search instances now include built-in storage and namespace Workers Bindings

    AI Search

    New AI Search instances created after today will work differently. New instances come with built-in storage and a vector index, so you can upload a file, have it indexed immediately, and search it right away.

    Additionally new Workers Bindings are now available to use with AI Search. The new namespace binding lets you create and manage instances at runtime, and cross-instance search API lets you query across multiple instances in one call.

    Built-in storage and vector index

    All new instances now comes with built-in storage which allows you to upload files directly to it using the Items API or the dashboard. No R2 buckets to set up, no external data sources to connect first.

    TypeScript
    const instance = env.AI_SEARCH.get("my-instance");
    

    // upload and wait for indexing to complete
    const item = await instance.items.uploadAndPoll("faq.md", content);
    

    // search immediately after indexing
    const results = await instance.search({
      messages: [{ role: "user", content: "onboarding guide" }],
    });

    Namespace binding

    The new ai_search_namespaces binding replaces the previous env.AI.autorag() API provided through the AI binding. It gives your Worker access to all instances within a namespace and lets you create, update, and delete instances at runtime without redeploying.

    JSONC
    // wrangler.jsonc
    {
      "ai_search_namespaces": [
        {
          "binding": "AI_SEARCH",
          "namespace": "default",
        },
      ],
    }
    TypeScript
    // create an instance at runtime
    const instance = await env.AI_SEARCH.create({
      id: "my-instance",
    });

    For migration details, refer to Workers binding migration. For more on namespaces, refer to Namespaces.

    Within the new AI Search binding, you now have access to a Search and Chat API on the namespace level. Pass an array of instance IDs and get one ranked list of results back.

    TypeScript
    const results = await env.AI_SEARCH.search({
      messages: [{ role: "user", content: "What is Cloudflare?" }],
      ai_search_options: {
        instance_ids: ["product-docs", "customer-abc123"],
      },
    });

    Refer to Namespace-level search for details.

  1. AI Search now has hybrid search and relevance boosting

    AI Search

    AI Search now supports hybrid search and relevance boosting, giving you more control over how results are found and ranked.

    Hybrid search combines vector (semantic) search with BM25 keyword search in a single query. Vector search finds chunks with similar meaning, even when the exact words differ. Keyword search matches chunks that contain your query terms exactly. When you enable hybrid search, both run in parallel and the results are fused into a single ranked list.

    You can configure the tokenizer (porter for natural language, trigram for code), keyword match mode (and for precision, or for recall), and fusion method (rrf or max) per instance:

    TypeScript
    const instance = await env.AI_SEARCH.create({
      id: "my-instance",
      index_method: { vector: true, keyword: true },
      fusion_method: "rrf",
      indexing_options: { keyword_tokenizer: "porter" },
      retrieval_options: { keyword_match_mode: "and" },
    });

    Refer to Search modes for an overview and Hybrid search for configuration details.

    Relevance boosting

    Relevance boosting lets you nudge search rankings based on document metadata. For example, you can prioritize recent documents by boosting on timestamp, or surface high-priority content by boosting on a custom metadata field like priority.

    Configure up to 3 boost fields per instance or override them per request:

    TypeScript
    const results = await env.AI_SEARCH.get("my-instance").search({
      messages: [{ role: "user", content: "deployment guide" }],
      ai_search_options: {
        retrieval: {
          boost_by: [
            { field: "timestamp", direction: "desc" },
            { field: "priority", direction: "desc" },
          ],
        },
      },
    });

    Refer to Relevance boosting for configuration details.

  1. Artifacts now in beta: versioned filesystem with Git access

    Artifacts

    Artifacts is now in private beta. Artifacts is Git-compatible storage built for scale: create tens of millions of repos, fork from any remote, and hand off a URL to any Git client. It provides a versioned filesystem for storing and exchanging file trees across Workers, the REST API, and any Git client, running locally or within an agent.

    You can read the announcement blog ↗ to learn more about what Artifacts does, how it works, and how to create repositories for your agents to use.

    Artifacts has three API surfaces:

    • Workers bindings (for creating and managing repositories)
    • REST API (for creating and managing repos from any other compute platform)
    • Git protocol (for interacting with repos)

    As an example: you can use the Workers binding to create a repo and read back its remote URL:

    TypeScript
    # Create a thousand, a million or ten million repos: one for every agent, for every upstream branch, or every user.
    const created = await env.PROD_ARTIFACTS.create("agent-007");
    const remote = (await created.repo.info())?.remote;

    Or, use the REST API to create a repo inside a namespace from your agent(s) running on any platform:

    Terminal window
    curl --request POST "https://artifacts.cloudflare.net/v1/api/namespaces/some-namespace/repos" --header "Authorization: Bearer $CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN" --header "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"name":"agent-007"}'

    Any Git client that speaks smart HTTP can use the returned remote URL:

    Terminal window
    # Agents know git.
    # Every repository can act as a git repo, allowing agents to interact with Artifacts the way they know best: using the git CLI.
    git clone https://x:${REPO_TOKEN}@artifacts.cloudflare.net/some-namespace/agent-007.git

    To learn more, refer to Get started, Workers binding, and Git protocol.

  1. Increased concurrency, creation rate, and queued instance limits for Workflows instances

    Workflows Workers

    Workflows limits have been raised to the following:

    LimitPreviousNew
    Concurrent instances (running in parallel)10,00050,000
    Instance creation rate (per account)100/second per account300/second per account, 100/second per workflow
    Queued instances per Workflow 11 million2 million

    These increases apply to all users on the Workers Paid plan. Refer to the Workflows limits documentation for more details.

    Footnotes

    1. Queued instances are instances that have been created or awoken and are waiting for a concurrency slot. ↩

  1. Browser Rendering is now Browser Run

    Browser Run

    We are renaming Browser Rendering to Browser Run. The name Browser Rendering never fully captured what the product does. Browser Run lets you run full browser sessions on Cloudflare's global network, drive them with code or AI, record and replay sessions, crawl pages for content, debug in real time, and let humans intervene when your agent needs help.

    Along with the rename, we have increased limits for Workers Paid plans and redesigned the Browser Run dashboard.

    We have 4x-ed concurrency limits for Workers Paid plan users:

    • Concurrent browsers per account: 30 → 120 per account
    • New browser instances: 30 per minute → 1 per second
    • REST API rate limits: recently increased from 3 to 10 requests per second

    Rate limits across the limits page are now expressed in per-second terms, matching how they are enforced. No action is needed to benefit from the higher limits.

    The redesigned dashboard ↗ now shows every request in a single Runs tab, not just browser sessions but also quick actions like screenshots, PDFs, markdown, and crawls. Filter by endpoint, view target URLs, status, and duration, and expand any row for more detail.

    Browser Run dashboard Runs tab with browser sessions and quick actions visible in one list, and an expanded crawl job showing its progress

    We are also shipping several new features:

    • Live View, Human in the Loop, and Session Recordings - See what your agent is doing in real time, let humans step in when automation hits a wall, and replay any session after it ends.
    • WebMCP - Websites can expose structured tools for AI agents to discover and call directly, replacing slow screenshot-analyze-click loops.

    For the full story, read our Agents Week blog Browser Run: Give your agents a browser ↗.

  1. Browser Run adds Live View, Human in the Loop, and Session Recordings

    Browser Run

    When browser automation fails or behaves unexpectedly, it can be hard to understand what happened. We are shipping three new features in Browser Run (formerly Browser Rendering) to help:

    Live View

    Live View lets you see what your agent is doing in real time. The page, DOM, console, and network requests are all visible for any active browser session. Access Live View from the Cloudflare dashboard, via the hosted UI at live.browser.run, or using native Chrome DevTools.

    Human in the Loop

    When your agent hits a snag like a login page or unexpected edge case, it can hand off to a human instead of failing. With Human in the Loop, a human steps into the live browser session through Live View, resolves the issue, and hands control back to the script.

    Today, you can step in by opening the Live View URL for any active session. Next, we are adding a handoff flow where the agent can signal that it needs help, notify a human to step in, then hand control back to the agent once the issue is resolved.

    Browser Run Human in the Loop demo where an AI agent searches Amazon, selects a product, and requests human help when authentication is needed to buy

    Session Recordings

    Session Recordings records DOM state so you can replay any session after it ends. Enable recordings by passing recording: true when launching a browser. After the session closes, view the recording in the Cloudflare dashboard under Browser Run > Runs, or retrieve via API using the session ID. Next, we are adding the ability to inspect DOM state and console output at any point during the recording.

    Browser Run session recording showing an automated browser navigating the Sentry Shop and adding a bomber jacket to the cart

    To get started, refer to the documentation for Live View, Human in the Loop, and Session Recording.

  1. Browser Run adds WebMCP support

    Browser Run

    Browser Run (formerly Browser Rendering) now supports WebMCP ↗ (Web Model Context Protocol), a new browser API from the Google Chrome team.

    The Internet was built for humans, so navigating as an AI agent today is unreliable. WebMCP lets websites expose structured tools for AI agents to discover and call directly. Instead of slow screenshot-analyze-click loops, agents can call website functions like searchFlights() or bookTicket() with typed parameters, making browser automation faster, more reliable, and less fragile.

    Browser Run lab session showing WebMCP tools being discovered and executed in the Chrome DevTools console to book a hotel

    With WebMCP, you can:

    • Discover website tools - Use navigator.modelContextTesting.listTools() to see available actions on any WebMCP-enabled site
    • Execute tools directly - Call navigator.modelContextTesting.executeTool() with typed parameters
    • Handle human-in-the-loop interactions - Some tools pause for user confirmation before completing sensitive actions

    WebMCP requires Chrome beta features. We have an experimental pool with browser instances running Chrome beta so you can test emerging browser features before they reach stable Chrome. To start a WebMCP session, add lab=true to your /devtools/browser request:

    Terminal window
    curl -X POST "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/{account_id}/browser-rendering/devtools/browser?lab=true&keep_alive=300000" \
      -H "Authorization: Bearer {api_token}"

    Combined with the recently launched CDP endpoint, AI agents can also use WebMCP. Connect an MCP client to Browser Run via CDP, and your agent can discover and call website tools directly. Here's the same hotel booking demo, this time driven by an AI agent through OpenCode:

    Browser Run Live View showing an AI agent navigating a hotel booking site in real time

    For a step-by-step guide, refer to the WebMCP documentation.

  1. Agent Lee adds Write Operations and Generative UI

    Agents

    Agent Lee adds Write Operations and Generative UI

    We are excited to announce two major capability upgrades for Agent Lee, the AI co-pilot built directly into the Cloudflare dashboard. Agent Lee is designed to understand your specific account configuration, and with this release, it moves from a passive advisor to an active assistant that can help you manage your infrastructure and visualize your data through natural language.

    Take action with Write Operations

    Agent Lee can now perform changes on your behalf across your Cloudflare account. Whether you need to update DNS records, modify SSL/TLS settings, or configure Workers routes, you can simply ask.

    To ensure security and accuracy, every write operation requires explicit user approval. Before any change is committed, Agent Lee will present a summary of the proposed action in plain language. No action is taken until you select Confirm, and this approval requirement is enforced at the infrastructure level to prevent unauthorized changes.

    Example requests:

    • "Add an A record for blog.example.com pointing to 192.0.2.10."
    • "Enable Always Use HTTPS on my zone."
    • "Set the SSL mode for example.com to Full (strict)."

    Visualize data with Generative UI

    Understanding your traffic and security trends is now as easy as asking a question. Agent Lee now features Generative UI, allowing it to render inline charts and structured data visualizations directly within the chat interface using your actual account telemetry.

    Example requests:

    • "Show me a chart of my traffic over the last 7 days."
    • "What does my error rate look like for the past 24 hours?"
    • "Graph my cache hit rate for example.com this week."

    Availability

    These features are currently available in Beta for all users on the Free plan. To get started, log in to the Cloudflare dashboard ↗ and select Ask AI in the upper right corner.

    To learn more about how to interact with your account using AI, refer to the Agent Lee documentation.

  1. Privacy Proxy metrics now available via GraphQL Analytics API

    Privacy Proxy

    Privacy Proxy metrics are now queryable through Cloudflare's GraphQL Analytics API, the new default method for accessing Privacy Proxy observability data. All metrics are available through a single endpoint:

    Terminal window
    curl https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/graphql \
      --header "Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>" \
      --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
      --data '{
        "query": "{ viewer { accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountTag }) { privacyProxyRequestMetricsAdaptiveGroups(filter: { date_geq: $startDate, date_leq: $endDate }, limit: 10000, orderBy: [date_ASC]) { count dimensions { date } } } } }",
        "variables": {
          "accountTag": "<YOUR_ACCOUNT_TAG>",
          "startDate": "2026-04-04",
          "endDate": "2026-04-06"
        }
      }'

    Available nodes

    Four GraphQL nodes are now live, providing aggregate metrics across all key dimensions of your Privacy Proxy deployment:

    • privacyProxyRequestMetricsAdaptiveGroups — Request volume, error rates, status codes, and proxy status breakdowns.
    • privacyProxyIngressConnMetricsAdaptiveGroups — Client-to-proxy connection counts, bytes transferred, and latency percentiles.
    • privacyProxyEgressConnMetricsAdaptiveGroups — Proxy-to-origin connection counts, bytes transferred, and latency percentiles.
    • privacyProxyAuthMetricsAdaptiveGroups — Authentication attempt counts by method and result.

    All nodes support filtering by time, data center (coloCode), and endpoint, with additional node-specific dimensions such as transport protocol and authentication method.

    What this means for existing OpenTelemetry users

    OpenTelemetry-based metrics export remains available. The GraphQL Analytics API is now the recommended default method — a plug-and-play method that requires no collector infrastructure, saving engineering overhead.

    Learn more

  1. Manage Browser Rendering sessions with Wrangler CLI

    Browser Run

    Browser Rendering now supports wrangler browser commands, letting you create, manage, and view browser sessions directly from your terminal, streamlining your workflow. Since Wrangler handles authentication, you do not need to pass API tokens in your commands.

    The following commands are available:

    CommandDescription
    wrangler browser createCreate a new browser session
    wrangler browser closeClose a session
    wrangler browser listList active sessions
    wrangler browser viewView a live browser session

    The create command spins up a browser instance on Cloudflare's network and returns a session URL. Once created, you can connect to the session using any CDP-compatible client like Puppeteer, Playwright, or MCP clients to automate browsing, scrape content, or debug remotely.

    Terminal window
    wrangler browser create

    Use --keepAlive to set the session keep-alive duration (60-600 seconds):

    Terminal window
    wrangler browser create --keepAlive 300

    The view command auto-selects when only one session exists, or prompts for selection when multiple sessions are available.

    All commands support --json for structured output, and because these are CLI commands, you can incorporate them into scripts to automate session management.

    For full usage details, refer to the Wrangler commands documentation.

  1. VPC Networks and Cloudflare Mesh support now in public beta

    Workers VPC

    VPC Network bindings now give your Workers access to any service in your private network without pre-registering individual hosts or ports. This complements existing VPC Service bindings, which scope each binding to a specific host and port.

    You can bind to a Cloudflare Tunnel by tunnel_id to reach any service on the network where that tunnel is running, or bind to your Cloudflare Mesh network using cf1:network to reach any Mesh node, client device, or subnet route in your account:

    JSONC
    {
      "vpc_networks": [
        {
          "binding": "MESH",
          "network_id": "cf1:network",
          "remote": true
        }
      ]
    }

    At runtime, fetch() routes through the network to reach the service at the IP and port you specify:

    JavaScript
    const response = await env.MESH.fetch("http://10.0.1.50:8080/api/data");

    For configuration options and examples, refer to VPC Networks and Connect Workers to Cloudflare Mesh.

  1. Containers and Sandboxes are now generally available

    Containers

    Cloudflare Containers and Sandboxes are now generally available.

    Containers let you run more workloads on the Workers platform, including resource-intensive applications, different languages, and CLI tools that need full Linux environments.

    Since the initial launch of Containers, there have been significant improvements to Containers' performance, stability, and feature set. Some highlights include:

    The Sandbox SDK provides isolated environments for running untrusted code securely, with a simple TypeScript API for executing commands, managing files, and exposing services. This makes it easier to secure and manage your agents at scale. Some additions since launch include:

    For more information, refer to Containers and Sandbox SDK documentation.

  1. Secure credential injection and dynamic egress policies for Sandboxes

    Containers Agents

    Outbound Workers for Sandboxes and Containers now support zero-trust credential injection, TLS interception, allow/deny lists, and dynamic per-instance egress policies. These features give platforms running agentic workloads full control over what leaves the sandbox, without exposing secrets to untrusted workloads, like user-generated code or coding agents.

    Credential injection

    Because outbound handlers run in the Workers runtime, outside the sandbox, they can hold secrets the sandbox never sees. A sandboxed workload can make a plain request, and credentials are transparently attached before a request is forwarded upstream.

    For instance, you could run an agent in a sandbox and ensure that any requests it makes to Github are authenticated. But it will never be able to access the credentials:

    TypeScript
    export class MySandbox extends Sandbox {}
    

    MySandbox.outboundByHost = {
      "github.com": (request: Request, env: Env, ctx: OutboundHandlerContext) => {
        const requestWithAuth = new Request(request);
        requestWithAuth.headers.set("x-auth-token", env.SECRET);
        return fetch(requestWithAuth);
      },
    };

    You can easily inject unique credentials for different instances by using ctx.containerId:

    TypeScript
    MySandbox.outboundByHost = {
      "my-internal-vcs.dev": async (
        request: Request,
        env: Env,
        ctx: OutboundHandlerContext,
      ) => {
        const authKey = await env.KEYS.get(ctx.containerId);
    

        const requestWithAuth = new Request(request);
        requestWithAuth.headers.set("x-auth-token", authKey);
        return fetch(requestWithAuth);
      },
    };

    No token is ever passed into the sandbox. You can rotate secrets in the Worker environment and every request will pick them up immediately.

    TLS interception

    Outbound Workers now intercept HTTPS traffic. A unique ephemeral certificate authority (CA) and private key are created for each sandbox instance. The CA is placed into the sandbox and trusted by default. The ephemeral private key never leaves the container runtime sidecar process and is never shared across instances.

    With TLS interception active, outbound Workers can act as a transparent proxy for both HTTP and HTTPS traffic.

    Allow and deny hosts

    Easily filter outbound traffic with allowedHosts and deniedHosts. When allowedHosts is set, it becomes a deny-by-default allowlist. Both properties support glob patterns.

    TypeScript
    export class MySandbox extends Sandbox {
      allowedHosts = ["github.com", "npmjs.org"];
    }

    Dynamic outbound handlers

    Define named outbound handlers then apply or remove them at runtime using setOutboundHandler() or setOutboundByHost(). This lets you change egress policy for a running sandbox without restarting it.

    TypeScript
    export class MySandbox extends Sandbox {}
    

    MySandbox.outboundHandlers = {
      allowHosts: async (req: Request, env: Env, ctx: OutboundHandlerContext ) => {
        const url = new URL(req.url);
        if (ctx.params.allowedHostnames.includes(url.hostname)) {
          return fetch(req);
        }
        return new Response(null, { status: 403 });
      },
    

      noHttp: async () => {
        return new Response(null, { status: 403 });
      },
    };

    Apply handlers programmatically from your Worker:

    TypeScript
    const sandbox = getSandbox(env.Sandbox, userId);
    

    // Open network for setup
    await sandbox.setOutboundHandler("allowHosts", {
      allowedHostnames: ["github.com", "npmjs.org"],
    });
    await sandbox.exec("npm install");
    

    // Lock down after setup
    await sandbox.setOutboundHandler("noHttp");

    Handlers accept params, so you can customize behavior per instance without defining separate handler functions.

    Get started

    Upgrade to @cloudflare/containers@0.3.0 or @cloudflare/sandbox@0.8.9 to use these features.

    For more details, refer to Sandbox outbound traffic and Container outbound traffic.

  1. Browser Rendering adds Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) and MCP client support

    Browser Run

    Browser Rendering now exposes the Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP), the low-level protocol that powers browser automation. The growing ecosystem of CDP-based agent tools, along with existing CDP automation scripts, can now use Browser Rendering directly.

    Any CDP-compatible client, including Puppeteer and Playwright, can connect from any environment, whether that is Cloudflare Workers, your local machine, or a cloud environment. All you need is your Cloudflare API key.

    For any existing CDP script, switching to Browser Rendering is a one-line change:

    JavaScript
    const puppeteer = require("puppeteer-core");
    

    const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
      browserWSEndpoint: `wss://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${ACCOUNT_ID}/browser-rendering/devtools/browser?keep_alive=600000`,
      headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${API_TOKEN}` },
    });
    

    const page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.goto("https://example.com");
    console.log(await page.title());
    await browser.close();

    Additionally, MCP clients like Claude Desktop, Claude Code, Cursor, and OpenCode can now use Browser Rendering as their remote browser via the chrome-devtools-mcp ↗ package.

    Here is an example of how to configure Browser Rendering for Claude Desktop:

    {
      "mcpServers": {
        "browser-rendering": {
          "command": "npx",
          "args": [
            "-y",
            "chrome-devtools-mcp@latest",
            "--wsEndpoint=wss://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/<ACCOUNT_ID>/browser-rendering/devtools/browser?keep_alive=600000",
            "--wsHeaders={\"Authorization\":\"Bearer <API_TOKEN>\"}"
          ]
        }
      }
    }

    To get started, refer to the CDP documentation.

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