---
description: Wrangler commands for interacting with Cloudflare D1.
title: D1
image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/og-docs.png
---

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> Documentation Index  
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/llms.txt  
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# D1

Last updated Apr 23, 2026|Copy as Markdown| [View as Markdown](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/commands/d1/index.md)| [Agent setup](https://developers.cloudflare.com/agent-setup/)

Interact with [D1 databases](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/) service using Wrangler.

## `d1 create`

Creates a new D1 database, and provides the binding and UUID that you will put in your config file

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 create [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 create [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 create [NAME]
```

- `[NAME]` `string` required

  The name of the new D1 database
- `--location` `string` A hint for the primary location of the new DB. Options: weur: Western Europe eeur: Eastern Europe apac: Asia Pacific oc: Oceania wnam: Western North America enam: Eastern North America
- `--jurisdiction` `string` The location to restrict the D1 database to run and store data within to comply with local regulations. Note that if jurisdictions are set, the location hint is ignored. Options: eu: The European Union fedramp: FedRAMP-compliant data centers us: The United States
- `--use-remote` `boolean` Use a remote binding when adding the newly created resource to your config
- `--update-config` `boolean` Automatically update your config file with the newly added resource
- `--binding` `string` The binding name of this resource in your Worker

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 info`

Get information about a D1 database, including the current database size and state

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 info [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 info [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 info [NAME]
```

- `[NAME]` `string` required

  The name of the DB
- `--json` `boolean` default: false

  Return output as JSON

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 list`

List all D1 databases in your account

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 list
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 list
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 list
```

- `--json` `boolean` default: false

  Return output as JSON

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 delete`

Delete a D1 database

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 delete [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 delete [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 delete [NAME]
```

- `[NAME]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `--skip-confirmation` `boolean` alias: --ydefault: false

  Skip confirmation

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 execute`

Execute a command or SQL file

You must provide either --command or --file for this command to run successfully.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 execute [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 execute [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 execute [DATABASE]
```

- `[DATABASE]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `--command` `string` The SQL query you wish to execute, or multiple queries separated by ';'
- `--file` `string` A .sql file to ingest
- `--yes` `boolean` alias: --y

  Answer "yes" to any prompts
- `--local` `boolean` Execute commands/files against a local DB for use with wrangler dev
- `--remote` `boolean` Execute commands/files against a remote D1 database for use with remote bindings or your deployed Worker
- `--persist-to` `string` Specify directory to use for local persistence (for use with --local)
- `--json` `boolean` default: false

  Return output as JSON
- `--preview` `boolean` default: false

  Execute commands/files against a preview D1 database

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 export`

Export the contents or schema of your database as a .sql file

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 export [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 export [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 export [NAME]
```

- `[NAME]` `string` required

  The name of the D1 database to export
- `--local` `boolean` Export from your local DB you use with wrangler dev
- `--remote` `boolean` Export from a remote D1 database
- `--skip-confirmation` `boolean` alias: --ydefault: false

  Skip confirmation
- `--output` `string` required

  Path to the SQL file for your export
- `--table` `string` Specify which tables to include in export
- `--no-schema` `boolean` Only output table contents, not the DB schema
- `--no-data` `boolean` Only output table schema, not the contents of the DBs themselves

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 time-travel info`

Retrieve information about a database at a specific point-in-time using Time Travel

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

For more information about Time Travel, see https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/reference/time-travel/

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 time-travel info [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 time-travel info [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 time-travel info [DATABASE]
```

- `[DATABASE]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `--timestamp` `string` Accepts a Unix (seconds from epoch) or RFC3339 timestamp (e.g. 2023-07-13T08:46:42.228Z) to retrieve a bookmark for
- `--json` `boolean` default: false

  Return output as JSON

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 time-travel restore`

Restore a database back to a specific point-in-time

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

For more information about Time Travel, see https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/reference/time-travel/

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 time-travel restore [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 time-travel restore [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 time-travel restore [DATABASE]
```

- `[DATABASE]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `--bookmark` `string` Bookmark to use for time travel
- `--timestamp` `string` Accepts a Unix (seconds from epoch) or RFC3339 timestamp (e.g. 2023-07-13T08:46:42.228Z) to retrieve a bookmark for (within the last 30 days)
- `--json` `boolean` default: false

  Return output as JSON

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 migrations create`

Create a new migration

This will generate a new versioned file inside the 'migrations' folder. Name your migration file as a description of your change. This will make it easier for you to find your migration in the 'migrations' folder. An example filename looks like:

```
0000_create_user_table.sql
```

The filename will include a version number and the migration name you specify.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 migrations create [DATABASE] [MESSAGE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 migrations create [DATABASE] [MESSAGE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 migrations create [DATABASE] [MESSAGE]
```

- `[DATABASE]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `[MESSAGE]` `string` required

  The Migration message

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 migrations list`

View a list of unapplied migration files

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 migrations list [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 migrations list [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 migrations list [DATABASE]
```

- `[DATABASE]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `--local` `boolean` Check migrations against a local DB for use with wrangler dev
- `--remote` `boolean` Check migrations against a remote DB for use with wrangler dev --remote
- `--preview` `boolean` default: false

  Check migrations against a preview D1 DB
- `--persist-to` `string` Specify directory to use for local persistence (you must use --local with this flag)

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 migrations apply`

Apply any unapplied D1 migrations

This command will prompt you to confirm the migrations you are about to apply. Confirm that you would like to proceed. After applying, a backup will be captured.

The progress of each migration will be printed in the console.

When running the apply command in a CI/CD environment or another non-interactive command line, the confirmation step will be skipped, but the backup will still be captured.

If applying a migration results in an error, this migration will be rolled back, and the previous successful migration will remain applied.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 migrations apply [DATABASE]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 migrations apply [DATABASE]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 migrations apply [DATABASE]
```

- `[DATABASE]` `string` required

  The name or binding of the DB
- `--local` `boolean` Execute commands/files against a local DB for use with wrangler dev
- `--remote` `boolean` Execute commands/files against a remote DB for use with wrangler dev --remote
- `--preview` `boolean` default: false

  Execute commands/files against a preview D1 DB
- `--persist-to` `string` Specify directory to use for local persistence (you must use --local with this flag)

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

## `d1 insights`

  
Experimental

Get information about the queries run on a D1 database

This command acts on remote D1 Databases.

npmyarnpnpm

```
npx wrangler d1 insights [NAME]
```

```
yarn wrangler d1 insights [NAME]
```

```
pnpm wrangler d1 insights [NAME]
```

- `[NAME]` `string` required

  The name of the DB
- `--time-period` `string` default: 1d

  Fetch data from now to the provided time period
- `--sort-type` `string` default: sum

  Choose the operation you want to sort insights by
- `--sort-by` `string` default: time

  Choose the field you want to sort insights by
- `--sort-direction` `string` default: DESC

  Choose a sort direction
- `--limit` `number` default: 5

  fetch insights about the first X queries
- `--json` `boolean` default: false

  return output as JSON

<details>

<summary>

Global flags

</summary>

- <code>--v</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --version

  Show version number
- <code>--cwd</code><code>string</code>Run as if Wrangler was started in the specified directory instead of the current working directory
- <code>--config</code><code>string</code> alias: --c

  Path to Wrangler configuration file
- <code>--env</code><code>string</code> alias: --e

  Environment to use for operations, and for selecting .env and .dev.vars files
- <code>--env-file</code><code>string</code>Path to an .env file to load - can be specified multiple times - values from earlier files are overridden by values in later files
- <code>--experimental-provision</code><code>boolean</code> aliases: --x-provisiondefault: true

  Experimental: Enable automatic resource provisioning
- <code>--experimental-auto-create</code><code>boolean</code> alias: --x-auto-createdefault: true

  Automatically provision draft bindings with new resources
- <code>--install-skills</code><code>boolean</code> default: false

  Install Cloudflare skills for detected AI coding agents before running the command
- <code>--profile</code><code>string</code>Use a specific auth profile

</details>

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